Analysis system, computer system, and analysis method

ABSTRACT

This analysis system analyzes the behavior of a DBMS in a computer system having a computer which executes tasks in parallel and reads data from a database (DB) when executing a query. This analysis system acquires the number of selected rows corresponding to a key value of an index key used in the query, and calculates a model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism of the processing corresponding to the query. The system acquires, from the storage device, event information on an input-output event with respect to the storage medium when the processing corresponding to the query is executed actually, calculates a measured degree of processing parallelism when the processing corresponding to the query is executed actually, based on the event information, and displays information based on the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a technique of analyzing the behavior,the performance, and the like of a database (DB).

BACKGROUND ART

Currently, many applications based on DBs are present, and a DBMS thatperforms a series of processing and managements relating to DBs hasbecome very important. One of the features of the DBMS is to deal with alarge amount of data. Thus, in many computer systems in which the DBMSoperates, a form of system in which a storage device having alarge-capacity disk is coupled to a computer in which the DBMS operates,and DB data is stored in the storage device is typical.

When this form of system is adopted, since data is stored on the disk ofthe storage device, an access to the disk occurs inevitably whenperforming processing (DB processing) on DBs. In particular, in verylarge scale DBs of petabyte class, a processing of finding certainspecific data from the DB data incurs an enormous amount of time. Thus,a technique disclosed in PTL 1 is known as a technique of accelerating aretrieving processing of finding specific data among a large amount ofdata.

The technique disclosed in PTL 1 is a technique for multiplexing readingof data, by dynamically creating a task whenever reading data andexecuting the tasks in parallel. According to a DBMS which uses thistechnique, it is possible to improve retrieving performance dramaticallyas compared to a conventional DBMS that executes tasks in theiroccurrence order.

The DBMS divides a DB processing into processing units called tasks,executes the tasks in a highly parallel manner to submit I/Os(asynchronous I/Os) in a highly multiplexed manner to maximize storageperformance to thereby improve the performance. Thus, the degree ofparallelism of processing (tasks) including I/Os is very important inimproving the performance. For example, the ability to submit how manyI/Os to each HDD of a storage device, that is, the ability to accumulatehow many tags (SCSI commands submitted from a computer to a storagedevice) in each HDD is important.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

-   [PTL 1]-   Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-34414

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

In a DBMS that executes processing (tasks) in a highly parallel mannerand submits I/Os in a highly multiplexed manner, the processing behavioris very complex, and the analysis of the behavior and performance foroperation debugging during development or performance debugging duringsystem operation incurs an enormous amount of time.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems, and anobject thereof is to provide a technique of easily and appropriatelyanalyzing the behavior, the performance, and the like of a DBMS thatexecutes tasks in parallel.

Solution to Problem

In a DBMS that executes tasks in parallel, the degree of processingparallelism which is the number of tasks executed in parallel is veryimportant in improving the performance, and this degree of processingparallelism is determined by the content of queries, hardware resources,and the like. In order to achieve the object, the present invention aimsto facilitate the analysis of the behavior and performance of the DBMSby focusing on the degree of processing parallelism.

An analysis system according to an aspect of the present inventionanalyzes the behavior of a computer system in DB processing of a DBMS.The computer system includes a storage device and a computer. Thestorage device includes a plurality of storage media that stores DBdata. The DBMS operates on a computer that has a processor core and cansend a plurality of data read requests for executing a query to the DBto the storage device. The DBMS may dynamically generate tasks forexecuting operations and execute the tasks generated dynamically duringprocessing of the query. Specifically, during processing the query, forexample, the DBMS may perform (a) generating a task for executing anoperation, (b) executing the generated task, (c) generating a new taskbased on an execution result of an N-th (N is an integer of 1 or more)operation corresponding to the task executed in (b) when an (N+1)-thoperation is executed based on the execution result of the N-thoperation, and (d) performing (b) and (c) on the new generated task. In(b) and (d), when two or more executable tasks are present, the DBMS mayexecute at least two tasks among the two or more tasks in parallel. Inexecution of tasks, a thread (processing) managed by an OS may be used,a plurality of threads executed by a processor core may be executed, andrespective threads may execute a plurality of tasks. The DBMS mayperform operations according to the manner described in PTL 1.

The analysis system includes a storage resource capable of storinginformation and a processor executing processing.

The storage resource stores thread number specifying information capableof specifying a largest number of threads for the query in the DBMS,first processing number specifying information capable of specifying afirst number of I/O processing that an interface between the computerand the storage device can execute in parallel, second processing numberspecifying information capable of specifying a second number of I/Oprocessing that can be executed in parallel in the storage medium of thestorage device, and third processing number specifying informationcapable of specifying a third number of I/O processing that each storagemedium can execute in parallel.

The processor acquires a number of selected rows corresponding to a keyvalue of an index key for a query from the DBMS and calculates amodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism which is a degreeof processing parallelism predicted based on a model of the processingcorresponding to the query, based on the number of selected rows, thelargest number of threads specified by the thread number specifyinginformation, the first number of I/O processing specified by the firstprocessing number specifying information, the second number of I/Oprocessing specified by the second processing number specifyinginformation, and the third number of I/O processing specified by thethird processing number specifying information. The processor acquires,from the storage device, event information on an input-output event withrespect to the storage medium when the processing corresponding to thequery is executed actually; calculates a measured degree of processingparallelism which is a degree of processing parallelism when theprocessing corresponding to the query is executed actually, based on theevent information; and performs control of displaying information basedon the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and themeasured degree of processing parallelism.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the analysis system of the present invention, it ispossible to easily and appropriately analyze the behavior, theperformance, and the like of a DBMS that executes tasks in parallel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a computer system accordingto Embodiment 1.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram of an example of schema information accordingto Embodiment 1.

FIG. 2B is a block diagram of an example of DB file informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 2C is a block diagram of an example of DB statistics informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 2D is a block diagram of an example of query plan informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 2E is a block diagram of an example of DB processing informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram of an example of OS mapping informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 3B is a block diagram of an example of OS processing informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram of an example of ST mapping informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram of an example of ST processing informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram of an example of system information accordingto Embodiment 1.

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of a query (SQL) accordingto Embodiment 1.

FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an example of a query plan accordingto Embodiment 1.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an analysis and visualization processingaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 7 is a first flowchart of a model-based predicteddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing according toEmbodiment 1.

FIG. 8 is a second flowchart of the model-based predicteddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing according toEmbodiment 1.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a measured degree-of-processing-parallelismcalculation processing according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating an example of the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism according toEmbodiment 1.

FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a first example of the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism and measureddegrees of processing parallelism according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 10C is a diagram illustrating a second example of the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism and measureddegrees of processing parallelism according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of model-based predicted degrees of processing parallelismaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of model-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism andmeasured degrees of processing parallelism according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 11C is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of number of stagnations according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph illustrating conformity and non-conformity between amodel-based predicted value and a measured value of the degree ofprocessing parallelism of an HDD according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating conformity and non-conformity betweena model-based predicted value and a measured value of the degree ofprocessing parallelism of each HDD according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 12C is a diagram illustrating a screen display example illustratingHDDs in descending order of non-conformity ratio between a model-basedpredicted value and a measured value of the degree of processingparallelism according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of statistical values of the number of tasks for each table orindex that the DBMS according to Embodiment 1 accesses.

FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating a first screen display exampleincluding the graph of statistical values for each task state accordingto Embodiment 1.

FIG. 13C is a graph illustrating a second screen display exampleincluding the graph of task states according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating a third example of the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism and measureddegrees of processing parallelism according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 15A is a block diagram of an example of logical volume informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 15B is a block diagram of an example of volume group informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a schema group according to Embodiment2.

FIG. 17A illustrates an example of a query according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 17B illustrates an example of a query plan according to Embodiment2.

FIG. 17C illustrates an example of a query result according toEmbodiment 2.

FIG. 18 illustrates a data structure of an index IA and a relationaltable A according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 19 illustrates a data structure of an index IB and a relationaltable B according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a data structure summary tableaccording to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 21 illustrates how a conventional DBMS executes tasks sequentially.

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of DB processing information of aconventional DBMS.

FIG. 23 illustrates how a DBMS according to Embodiment 2 executes tasksin parallel.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of DB processing information of the DBMSaccording to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 25 illustrates a visualization window according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a task behavior visualization treeaccording to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of a data structure behaviorvisualization tree according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a task behavior visualization treewhen a designated time is changed.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a data structure visualization treewhen a designated time is changed.

FIG. 30 illustrates an example of a radical tree as a modification ofthe task behavior visualization tree according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a radical tree when a designated timeis changed.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, several embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the drawings. The embodiments describedbelow are not intended to limit the inventions according to the claims,and all elements and combinations thereof described in the embodimentsare not necessarily essential to the solving means for the invention.

In the following description, there may be cases where processing isdescribed using a “program” as the subject. However, since theprocessing is performed while using a storage resource (for example, amemory) and/or a communication interface device (for example, acommunication port) as necessary when a program is executed by aprocessor (for example, a central processing unit (CPU)) included in acomputer, a storage apparatus, or the like, the processor may also beused as the subject of the processing. Processing described using theprogram as the subject may be processing performed by the processor or adevice (a computer, a storage apparatus, or the like) having theprocessor. Moreover, a controller may be the processor itself and mayinclude a hardware circuit that performs a part or all of the processingperformed by the processor. A program may be installed in respectivecontrollers from a program source. The program source may be a programdistribution computer or a storage medium, for example.

Moreover, a serial interface or an Ethernet interface (Ethernet is aregistered trademark) interface may be used as an input-output device ofa computer, a display device having a display, a keyboard, or a pointerdevice may be coupled to the interface, and display information may besent to the display device and input information may be received fromthe display device. In this way, the operation of the input-outputdevice inputting and displaying data may be replaced with the operationof the display device displaying and inputting data.

In the following description, a set of one or more computers thatanalyze various items of information in a computer system is sometimesreferred to as an analysis system. When a computer displays the displayinformation, the computer is an analysis system. Moreover, a combinationof the computer and the display device is an analysis system. Moreover,a plurality of computers may perform the analyzing and displayingprocessing in order to improve the speed and the reliability of theanalyzing processing. In this case, the plurality of computers(including the display device when the display device displays data) isthe analysis system.

Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a computer system accordingto Embodiment 1.

A computer system includes a computer 100, a storage apparatus 150 as anexample of a storage device, and a computer 180 as an example of ananalysis system. In FIG. 1, only one computer 100 and one storageapparatus 150 are illustrated, a plurality of computers and a pluralityof storage apparatuses may be provided. The computer 100 and the storageapparatus 150 are connected via a communication network 140. The storageapparatus 150 stores DB data. The computer 100 manages the DB datastored in the storage apparatus 150. Hereinafter, although a person whooperates the computer 100 is referred to as a “system administrator” forthe convenience's sake, the computer 100 may be operated by a personother than the system administrator.

The computer 100, the storage apparatus 150, and the computer 180 areconnected via a communication network 142. The computer 180 acquiresvarious items of monitoring information from the computer 100 and thestorage apparatus 150 and performs an analysis and visualizationprocessing using the monitoring information. The communication networks140 and 142 may be a network such as a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN) and may be a network (storage area network: SAN)that include fiber channels or the like.

The computer 100 can be realized by a general computer, for example. Forexample, the computer 100 includes a control processor (CPU) 104, aninput-output device 106, a storage device 108, a memory 110, an I/F(1)136, and an I/F(2) 138. The CPU 104, the input-output device 106, thestorage device 108, the memory 110, the I/F(1) 136, and the I/F(2) 138are connected via an internal bus 102.

The I/F(1) 136 is an interface to the communication network 140, and theI/F(2) 138 is an interface to the communication network 142. The I/F(1)136 is a host bust adapter (HBA), for example. The HBA includes one ormore ports. The input-output device 106 includes an input device such asa mouse or a keyboard and an output device such as a liquid crystaldisplay, for example. The storage device 108 stores programs executed bythe CPU 104 and information and the like required by the CPU 104.

The memory 110 stores programs executed by the CPU 104 and informationand the like required by the CPU 104. For example, the memory 110 storesan operating system (hereinafter OS) 112 and a DBMS 120. The OS 112stores OS mapping information 114 that correlates a device managed bythe OS 112 and a logical storage area on the storage apparatus 150 andOS processing information 116 on a processing (processing event) in theOS when the DBMS 120 executes a query. Moreover, the OS 112 includes aprogram for constructing an OS monitoring information output unit 118that outputs the OS mapping information 114 and the OS processinginformation 116 to an external device. The OS monitoring informationoutput unit 118 is constructed when the CPU 104 executes the program.When outputting monitoring information to the computer 180, the OSmonitoring information output unit 118 may write the monitoringinformation into a file and then send the file to the computer 180 andmay send the monitoring information directly to the computer 180.

The DBMS 120 stores schema information 122 on a schema (hereinafterreferred to as an object) such as a table or an index of DBs, DB fileinformation 124 on a file in which the DB data is stored, DB statisticsinformation 126 on the statistics inside the DBMS 120, query planinformation 128 on queries executed by the DBMS 120, and DB processinginformation 130 on processing when the DBMS 120 executes a query.Moreover, the DBMS 120 includes a program for constructing a DBmonitoring information output unit 132 that outputs the respective itemsof information to an external device. The DB monitoring informationoutput unit 132 is constructed when the CPU 104 executes the program.When outputting monitoring information to the computer 180, the DBmonitoring information output unit 132 may write the monitoringinformation into a file and then send the file to the computer 180 andmay send the monitoring information directly to the computer 180.

The CPU 104 executes various processing by executing the program storedin the memory 110. For example, the CPU 104 receives queries from anapplication (not illustrated), creates a query plan of the receivedqueries, and executes processing according to the query plan byexecuting the DBMS 120. Moreover, when it is necessary to access the DBdata stored in the storage apparatus 150 during the processing, the CPU104 submits an access request (I/O request) for the data to the storageapparatus 150 via the OS 112.

In FIG. 1, although an example in which both the OS 112 and the DBMS 120are stored in the memory 110 is illustrated, at least part of the OS 112and the DBMS 120 may be stored in the storage device 108.

The storage apparatus 150 includes a controller 154 and a plurality ofdisks (HDDs) 178 as a storage medium. The controller 154 and theplurality of disks 178 are connected by an internal bus 152. The disk178 is a hard disk drive (HDD, magnetic storage device), for example. Inthe storage apparatus 150, the plurality of disks 178 may be formed of aredundant array of independent (or inexpensive) disks (RAID). Moreover,the storage apparatus 150 may include a storage device (for example, aflash memory drive) having other types of storage media in addition tothe disk 178 or instead of the disk 178.

The cross-section 154 includes an I/F(1) 158, an I/F(2) 160, a CPU(control processor) 162, a cache memory 164, and a memory 168. TheI/F(1) 158, I/F(2) 160, the CPU 162, the cache memory 164, and thememory 168 are connected by an internal bus 156, for example. The I/F(1)158 is an interface to the communication network 140, and the I/F(2) 160is an interface to the communication network 142. The cache memory 164stores necessary data.

The memory 168 stores programs executed by the CPU 162 and informationand the like required by the CPU 162. The memory 168 stores a controlprogram 170 that controls the storage apparatus 150. The control program170 stores ST mapping information 172 that correlates a logical storagearea (LU: logical unit) of the storage apparatus 150 with a physicalstorage area of the disk 178 and ST processing information 174 on aprocessing (processing event) in the storage apparatus 150 when the DBMS120 executes a query. The control program 170 includes a program forconstructing a ST monitoring information output unit 176 that outputsthe respective items of information to an external device. The STmonitoring information output unit 176 is constructed when the CPU 162executes the program. When sending the ST processing information 174 tothe computer 180, the ST monitoring information output unit 176 maywrite the ST processing information into a file and then send the sameat once to the computer 180 when a query ends and may send the STprocessing information directly to the computer 180 when an entry isadded to the ST processing information 174. The CPU 162 executes variousprocessing by executing the program stored in the memory 168.

The computer 180 can be realized by a general computer, for example. Forexample, the computer 180 includes an I/F 184, a CPU (control processor)186, an input-output device 188, a storage device 190, and a memory 192.The I/F 184, the CPU 186, the input-output device 188, the storagedevice 190, and the memory 192 are connected by an internal bus 182.Here, the storage device 190 and the memory 192 are examples of storageresources.

The I/F 184 is an interface to the communication network 142. Theinput-output device 188 is coupled to an input device such as a mouse ora keyboard, for example, and a display 144. Various items of information(for example, execution results of the analysis and visualizationprogram 195) are displayed on the display 144. The storage device 190stores programs executed by the CPU 186 and information and the likerequired by the CPU 186.

The memory 192 stores programs executed by the CPU 186 and informationand the like required by the CPU 186. The memory 192 stores systeminformation 196 which is information on the computer system, DBmonitoring information 197 which is a series of items of informationoutput by the DB monitoring information output unit 132, OS monitoringinformation 198 which is a series of items of information output by theOS monitoring information output unit 118, ST monitoring information 199which is a series of items of information output by the ST monitoringinformation output unit 176, and the analysis and visualization program195. The system information 196 maybe given as parameters by a systemadministrator and may be automatically acquired from the DB monitoringinformation output unit 132, the OS monitoring information output unit118, and the ST monitoring information output unit 176. The CPU 186executes various processing by executing the program stored in thememory 192. For example, the CPU 186 executes processing using thesystem information 196, various items of monitoring information, and thelike stored in the memory 192 by executing the analysis andvisualization program 195.

In FIG. 1, although an example in which both the OS 194 and the analysisand visualization program 195 are stored in the memory 192 isillustrated, at least part of the OS 194 and the analysis andvisualization program 195 may be stored in the storage device 190.

Next, the details of various items of information described above willbe described.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram of an example of schema information stored inthe DBMS according to Embodiment 1.

The schema information 122 is information on objects such as tables andindices that construct a DB and has an entry for each object. Each entryincludes a field 200 in which an identifier (Object ID) for identifyingan object is registered, a field 202 in which the name of an object isregistered, a field 204 in which the type (table or index) of an objectis registered, a field 206 in which a data volume of an object isregistered, a field 208 in which the number of rows of an object (whenthe type of an object is a table only) is registered, and a field 209 inwhich an identifier (File-ID) of a DB file in which object data isstored is registered. The schema information 122 is created when a DB isconstructed and is updated when an object is added and deleted. FIG. 2Bis a block diagram of an example of DB file information stored in theDBMS according to Embodiment 1.

The DB file information 124 is information on a DB file in which DB datais stored and has an entry for each DB file. Each entry includes a field210 in which an identifier (File-ID) for identifying a DB file isregistered and a field 212 in which a device name on an OS 112 on whicha DB file is created is registered. The DB file information 124 iscreated when a DB is constructed and is updated when a DB file is added,deleted, and changed.

FIG. 2C is a block diagram of an example of DB statistics informationstored in the DBMS according to Embodiment 1.

The DB statistics information 126 is information on the statisticsinside the DBMS 120 and includes a field 220 in which sequential I/Operformance is registered, a field 222 in which random I/O performanceas an example of I/O time information indicating the time associatedwith random input and output is registered, and fields 224 and 226 inwhich the number of selected rows for an index key value is registered.The number of selected rows 224 for an index key value has an entry foreach index key value. The DB statistics information 126 is appropriatelyupdated when the DBMS 120 executes DB processing. The information on thenumber of selected rows for an index key value may be informationcalculated based on information such as a histogram and may be aparameter that is given directly from an external device. Moreover, thevalues registered in the sequential I/O performance 220 and the randomI/O performance 222 may be the averages of an I/O response time in alatest past predetermined period.

FIG. 2D is a block diagram of an example of query plan informationstored in the DBMS according to Embodiment 1.

The query plan information 128 is information on the query executed bythe DBMS 120 and has an entry for each scan in the query. Each entryincludes a field 230 in which an identifier (QID) for identifying aquery is registered, a field 232 in which an identifier (SubQID) foridentifying a processing block (partial query) in a query is registered,a field 234 in which an identifier (ScanID) for identifying a scan in aquery is registered, a field 236 in which the type of a scan in thequery is registered, a field 238 in which an identifier for identifyingan object to be accessed by the scan, a field 240 in which an index keyserving as a retrieval condition when the scan is an index scan isstored, and a field 242 in which an index key value serving as aretrieval condition is registered. The query plan information 128 iscreated after the DBMS 120 receives a query, and with this information,it is possible to specify a table and an index that the subject queryaccesses, a retrieval condition (an index key and a key value), and theorder of accesses.

FIG. 2E is a block diagram of an example of DB processing informationstored in the DBMS according to Embodiment 1.

The DB processing information 130 is information on processing when theDBMS 120 executes a query, and an entry (event information) is createdwhen a specific event (for example, an asynchronous I/O submit event oran asynchronous I/O reaping event) is executed during processing. Eachentry includes a field 250 in which an entry number is registered, afield 252 in which a time stamp indicating the execution time of anevent is registered, a field 254 in which an identifier (Thread ID) foridentifying a thread that executes an event is registered, a field 256in which an event type is registered, a field 258 in which an identifier(Task ID) for identifying a task (a task in a thread) that executes theevent is registered, a field 260 in which an identifier (Present TaskID) for identifying a source task (parent task) of a task identifiedfrom the identifier registered in the field 258 is registered, a field262 in which an identifier (QID) for identifying a query serving as anexecution source of an event is registered, a field 264 in which anidentifier (SubQID) for identifying a processing block in a queryserving as an execution source of an event is registered, a field 266 inwhich an identifier (Object ID) for identifying an access destinationobject is registered, a field 268 in which an identifier (File-ID) foridentifying an access destination DB file is registered, a field 270 inwhich an offset of data to be accessed is registered, a field 272 inwhich the size of data to be accessed is registered, and a field 274 inwhich an identifier (IO-ID) for identifying an I/O submitted by theevent is registered.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram of an example of OS mapping informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

The OS mapping information 114 is information that correlates a devicemanaged by the OS 112 with the logical storage area (LU) on the storageapparatus 150 and has an entry for each device. Each entry includes afield 300 in which a device name for identifying a device is registered,a field 302 in which an identifier (ST-ID) for identifying the storageapparatus 150 having a storage area (LU) corresponding to the device isregistered, and a field 304 in which a number (LUN) for identifying astorage area (LU) corresponding to the device is registered. The OSmapping information 114 is created when a system is constructed and isupdated when a system configuration is changed.

FIG. 3B is a block diagram of an example of OS processing informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

The OS processing information 116 is information on processing in an OSwhen the DBMS 120 executes a query, and an entry (event information) iscreated when a specific event (for example, reception of an asynchronousI/O, submitting of an I/O request, reception of completion of I/Os, andthe like) is executed. Each entry includes a field 310 in which an entrynumber is registered, a field 312 in which a time stamp indicating anexecution time of an event is registered, a field 314 in which an eventtype is registered, a field 316 in which an identifier (IO-ID) foridentifying an I/O corresponding to the event is registered, a field 318in which an identifier (ST-ID) for identifying the access destinationstorage apparatus 150 is registered, a field 320 in which a number (LUN)for identifying an access destination logical storage area (LU) isregistered, a field 322 in which a logical address (LBA) of data to beaccessed is registered, and a field 324 in which the size of data to beaccessed is registered.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram of an example of ST mapping informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

The ST mapping information 172 is information that correlates a logicalstorage area (LU) managed by the storage apparatus 150 with a physicalstorage area of the disk 178 and has an entry for each LU. Each entryincludes a field 400 in which an identifier (ST-ID) for identifying thestorage apparatus 150 having the LU is registered, a field 402 in whicha number (LUN) for identifying the LU is registered, a field 404 inwhich the number of disks 178 that construct the LU is registered, and afield 406 in which an identifier (HDD-ID) for identifying the disk 178that constructs the LU is registered. The ST mapping information 172 iscreated when a system is constructed and is updated when a systemconfiguration is changed. When one LU is constructed of a plurality ofdisks 178, a plurality of fields 406 is created in the same entry.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram of an example of ST processing informationaccording to Embodiment 1.

The ST processing information 174 is information on processing in thestorage apparatus 150 when the DBMS 120 executes a query, and an entry(event information) is created when a specific event (for example,reception of an I/O request, start of disk I/Os, end of disk I/Os,submitting of I/O requests, and the like) is executed. Each entryincludes a field 410 in which an entry number is registered, a field 412in which a time stamp indicating the execution time of an event isregistered, a field 414 in which an event type is registered, a field416 in which an identifier (IO-ID) for identifying an I/O correspondingto the event is registered, a field 418 in which the size of an I/Orequest is registered, a field 420 in which a number (LUN) foridentifying an access destination logical storage area (LU) isregistered, a field 422 in which a logical address (LBA) of data to beaccessed is registered, a field 424 in which an identifier (HDD-ID) foridentifying the disk 178 in which data to be accessed is stored isregistered, and a field 426 in which a physical address (PBA) of data tobe accessed is registered.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram of an example of system information accordingto Embodiment 1.

The system information 196 is information on the computer system andincludes a field 500 in which the number of kernel threads that executeDB processing is registered, a field 502 in which the number of tasksper kernel thread that executes DB processing is registered, a field 504in which the number of host bus adapter (HBA) ports is registered, afield 506 in which the number of simultaneous I/O processing per HBAport is registered, a field 508 in which the bandwidth of thecommunication network 140 is registered, a field 510 in which the numberof controllers 154 of the storage apparatus 150 is registered, a field512 in which the number of simultaneous I/O processing per storagecontroller is registered, a field 514 in which the number of disks isregistered, and a field 516 in which the number of simultaneous I/Oprocessing (tags) per disk is registered. Here, the number of kernelthreads and the number of tasks per kernel thread correspond to threadnumber specifying information, the number of HBA ports and the number ofsimultaneous I/O processing per HBA port correspond to first processingnumber specifying information, the number of controllers 154 and thenumber of simultaneous I/O processing per storage controller correspondto second processing number specifying information, and the number ofsimultaneous I/O processing (tags) per disk corresponds to thirdprocessing number specifying information.

Next, the processing executed by the analysis and visualization program195 will be described, and an example of a query (SQL) of the DBMS 120and a query plan of the queries will be described.

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of a query (SQL) accordingto Embodiment 1. FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an example of a queryplan according to Embodiment 1.

A query 520 illustrated in FIG. 5B is executed as illustrated in FIG. 5Csuch that the portion “Select MAX(C2) From T2 Where C3=10” is firstexecuted as a sub-query 534 (processing block B: partial query), andthen, using the execution result of the sub-query 534, a main-query 532(processing block A: partial query) of the portion “Select C1 From T1Where C2=(sub-query result)” is executed according to a joining methodusing indices.

It can be understood that a processing corresponding to the query 520includes two processing blocks of the processing block B correspondingto the sub-query 534 and the processing block A corresponding to themain-query 532. The CPU 104 that executes the DBMS 120 specifies a queryplan based on the query and registers the query plan in the query planinformation 128.

Next, the processing of the computer 180 that executes the analysis andvisualization program 195 will be described. It is assumed that beforeexecution of the processing, a computer system has been constructed, theDB has been constructed, and the DBMS 120 of the computer 100 hasreceived the query 520 and executed various processing. Thus, the schemainformation 122, the DB file information 124, the DB statisticsinformation 126, the DB processing information 128, the OS mappinginformation 114, the OS processing information 116, the ST mappinginformation 172, the ST processing information 174, and the systeminformation 196 have been created, and information at that time isreflected.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an analysis and visualization processingaccording to Embodiment 1. The analysis and visualization processing isa processing realized when the CPU 186 executes the analysis andvisualization program 195. Moreover, the degree of processingparallelism which is the number of tasks executed in parallel isdetermined by the content of a query executed, hardware resources, andthe like. In Embodiment 1, the number of tags of the disk 178 of thestorage apparatus 150 (hereinafter referred to as the number of HDDtags) is used as a final degree of processing parallelism.

When a system administrator submits an instruction to start the analysisand visualization program 195, the computer 180 starts the analysis andvisualization processing (step 600). The processing of the followingsteps may start automatically when the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 starts and may start according to an instruction of thesystem administrator.

The analysis and visualization program 195 acquires the monitoringinformation (the schema information 122, the DB file information 124,the DB statistics information 126, the query plan information 128, andthe DB processing information 130) output by the DB monitoringinformation output unit 132 as DB monitoring information 197 and readsthe same into the memory 192 (step 602). Subsequently, the analysis andvisualization program 195 acquires the monitoring information (the OSmapping information 114 and the OS processing information 116) output bythe OS monitoring information output unit 118 as OS monitoringinformation 198 and reads the same into the memory 192 (step 604).Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 acquires themonitoring information (the ST mapping information 172 and the STprocessing information 174) output by the ST monitoring informationoutput unit 176 as ST monitoring information 199 and reads the same intothe memory 192 (step 606). Subsequently, the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 reads the system information 196 from the storage device 190into the memory 192 (step 608).

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 executes amodel-based predicted degree-of-processing-parallelism calculationprocessing 700 and calculates a model-based predicted value of thedegree of processing parallelism (number of HDD tags) as a valueindicating the processing behavior predicted based on a model when thequery 520 is executed by the computer system (step 610). Subsequently,the analysis and visualization program 195 executes the measureddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing 800 andcalculates a measured value of the degree of processing parallelism(number of HDD tags) as a value indicating the actual processingbehavior when the query 520 is executed by the computer system (step612).

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 displays agraph based on the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism calculated in step 610 and the measured degree of processingparallelism calculated in step 612 on the display 144 (step 614) andends the processing according to an instruction of the systemadministrator (step 616). In Embodiment 1, a graph in which themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and the measureddegree of processing parallelism are on the vertical axis and the timeis on the horizontal axis is displayed on the display 144. According tothis graph, it is possible to compare the model-based predicted degreeof processing parallelism and the measured degree of processingparallelism easily. Details of the graph will be described later.

FIG. 7 is a first flowchart of a model-based predicteddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing according toEmbodiment 1. FIG. 8 is a second flowchart of a model-based predicteddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing according toEmbodiment 1.

The analysis and visualization program 195 specifies the number ofprocessing blocks of a subject query by referring to the query planinformation 128 in the DB monitoring information 197 (step 702). Forexample, in the case of the query 520, the number of processing blocksis 2. Subsequently, steps 708 to 742 are executed for the respectivespecified processing blocks. It is determined whether the model-basedpredicted degree of processing parallelism has been calculated for allprocessing blocks (step 704). When the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism has been calculated for all processing blocks(step 704: Yes), the model-based predicteddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing ends (step 706).

The analysis and visualization program 195 specifies a scan type of theprocessing block by referring to the query plan information 128 in theDB monitoring information 197 (step 708) and determines whether the scantype is a table scan or an index scan (step 710). The table scan is ascan of acquiring records matching a condition by referring to tablesonly, and the index scan is a scan of acquiring table records matching acondition using an index. When it is determined that the scan type ofthe processing block is the table scan (step 710: No), “1” is set to thedegree of processing parallelism (step 712). Although the table scan canbe processing in parallel, since the degree of parallelism thereof ismuch smaller than the degree of processing parallelism intended by thepresent invention, the degree of processing parallelism is set to “1”.On the other hand, when the scan type of the processing block is theindex scan (step 710: Yes), the analysis and visualization program 195acquires a scan index key of the processing block and the number of keyvalue selected rows corresponding to the key value by referring to theDB statistics information 126 in the DB monitoring information 197 andsets the acquired value to the degree of processing parallelism (step714).

For example, the processing block B of the query 520 is a subject, itcan be specified from the query plan information 128 that the scan typeof the processing block B is the index scan, the index key is I2.C3, andthe key value is C3=10, and it can be specified from the DB statisticsinformation 126 that the number of key value selected rows of I2.C3=10is 100,000. Thus, the degree of processing parallelism of the processingblock B at the end of step 714 is set to 100,000. Moreover, when theprocessing block A of the query 520 is a subject, it can be specifiedfrom the query plan information 128 that the scan type of the processingblock A is the index scan, the index key is I1.C2, and the key value isC2=Max(C2), and it can be understood from the DB statistics information126 that the number of key value selected rows of I1.C2=Max(C2) is 100.Thus, the degree of processing parallelism of the processing block A atthe end of step 714 is set to 100. In this example, although oneprocessing block is scanned once, if the degree of processingparallelism is not changed, one processing block may be scanned aplurality of times.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 multiplies thenumber of kernel threads with the number of tasks per kernel thread byreferring to the system information 196 to calculate a largest degree ofparallelism of the DBMS 120 (step 716). In the case of the systeminformation 196 illustrated in FIG. 5A, since the number of kernelthreads is 64 and the number of tasks per kernel thread is 1,000, thelargest degree of parallelism of the DBMS 120 is 64,000. In this case,the largest degree of parallelism is calculated assuming that the numberof I/Os that can be submitted simultaneously for one task is 1. When aplurality of I/Os is submitted simultaneously for one task, a valueobtained by multiplying the number of kernel threads, the number oftasks per number of kernel threads, and the number of simultaneous I/Ossubmitted for one task is the largest degree of parallelism.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 compares thedegree of processing parallelism at this point in time and the largestdegree of parallelism of the DBMS 120 calculated in step 716 (step 718).When the largest degree of parallelism of the DBMS 120 is lower than thedegree of processing parallelism (step 718: Yes), the analysis andvisualization program 195 sets the largest degree of parallelism of theDBMS 120 to the degree of processing parallelism (step 720). Forexample, when the processing block B of the query 520 is a subject,since the degree of processing parallelism at this point in time (thedegree of processing parallelism of the processing block B set in step714) is 100,000 and the largest degree of parallelism of the DBMS 120calculated in step 716 is 64,000 which is smaller than the degree ofprocessing parallelism, 64,000 is set to the degree of processingparallelism of the processing block B. Moreover, when the processingblock A of the query 520 is a subject, since the degree of processingparallelism at this point in time (the degree of processing parallelismset in step 714) is 100 and the largest degree of parallelism of theDBMS 120 is 64,000 which is larger than the degree of processingparallelism, the degree of processing parallelism of the processingblock A is 100. The degree of processing parallelism of each processingblock at this point in time may be a value obtained by multiplying alargest number of threads of the DBMS 120 (a value obtained bymultiplying the number of kernel threads and the number of tasks perkernel thread) with a constant given from an external device.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 multiplies thenumber of HBA ports and the number of simultaneous I/O processing perHBA port by referring to the system information 196 to calculate thenumber of simultaneous HBA I/O processing (first number of I/Oprocessing) (step 722). In the case of the system information 196illustrated in FIG. 5A, since the number of HBA ports is 6 and thenumber of simultaneous I/O processing per HBA port is 256, the number ofsimultaneous HBA I/O processing is 1,536.

Subsequently, the degree of processing parallelism at this point in timeis compared with the number of simultaneous HBA I/O processingcalculated in step 722 (step 724). When the number of simultaneous HBAI/O processing is lower than the degree of processing parallelism (step724: Yes), the number of simultaneous HBA I/O processing is set to thedegree of processing parallelism (step 726). When the processing block Bof the query 520 is a subject, since the degree of processingparallelism of the processing block B at this point in time is 64,000and the number of simultaneous HBA I/O processing calculated in step 722is 1,536, which is smaller than the degree of processing parallelism,1,536 is set to the degree of processing parallelism of the processingblock B. Moreover, when the processing block A of the query 520 is asubject, since the degree of processing parallelism at this point intime is 100 and the number of simultaneous HBA I/O processing is 1,536which is larger than the degree of processing parallelism, the degree ofprocessing parallelism of the processing block A is 100.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 multiplies thenumber of controllers of the storage apparatus 150 and the number ofsimultaneous I/O processing per controller by referring to the systeminformation 196 to calculate the number of simultaneous controller I/Oprocessing (second number of I/O processing) (step 728). In the case ofthe system information 196 illustrated in FIG. 5A, since the number ofcontrollers of the storage apparatus 150 is 2 and the number ofsimultaneous I/O processing per controller is 1,000, the number ofsimultaneous controller I/O processing is 2,000.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 compares thedegree of processing parallelism at this point in time with the numberof simultaneous controller I/O processing calculated in step 728 (step730). When the number of simultaneous controller I/O processing is lowerthan the degree of processing parallelism (step 730: Yes), the number ofsimultaneous controller I/O processing is set to the degree ofprocessing parallelism (step 732). On the other hand, when the number ofsimultaneous controller I/O processing is equal to or higher than thedegree of processing parallelism (step 730: No), the degree ofprocessing parallelism is not changed.

For example, when the processing block B of the query 520 is a subject,the degree of processing parallelism of the processing block B at thispoint in time is 1,536 and the number of simultaneous controller I/Oprocessing calculated in step 728 is 2,000 which is larger than thedegree of processing parallelism, the degree of processing parallelismof the processing block B is 1,536. Moreover, when the processing blockA of the query 520 is a subject, since the degree of processingparallelism at this point in time is 100 and the number of simultaneouscontroller I/O processing 2,000 which is larger than the degree ofprocessing parallelism, the degree of parallelism of the processingblock A is 100.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 calculates thenumber of HDDs of the disk 178 that stores the object data that theprocessing block accesses by referring to the schema information 122 andthe DB file information 124 of the DB monitoring information 197, the OSmapping information 114 of the OS monitoring information 198, and the STmapping information 172 of the ST monitoring information 199 (step 734)and divides the degree of processing parallelism at this point in timeby the calculated number of HDDs to calculate the degree of processingparallelism per HDD (step 736). When the processing block B of the query520 is a subject, the object accessed by the processing block B is “T2”(the access destination Object ID 238 of the query plan information128), the DB file in which “T2” is stored is “FILE2” (File-ID 209 of theschema information 122), the device corresponding to “FILE2” is “Sde2”(the device name 212 of the DB file information 124), the logicalstorage area corresponding to the device “Sde2” is “Lun2” of “ST1” (theST-ID 302 and LUN 304 of the OS mapping information 114), the number ofHDDs that construct “Lun2” of “ST1” is 10 (the number of HDDs 404 of theST mapping information 172), the degree of processing parallelism of theprocessing block B at this point in time is 1,536, and the degree ofprocessing parallelism per HDD of the processing block B is 1,536/10153.

Moreover, when the processing block A of the query 520 is a subject, theobject accessed is “T1” (the access destination Object ID 238 of thequery plan information 128), the DB file in which “T1” is stored is“FILE1” (File-ID 209 of the schema information 122), the devicecorresponding to “FILE1” is “Sdd1” (the device name 212 of the DB fileinformation 124), the logical storage area corresponding to the device“Sdd1” is “Lun1” of “ST1” (the ST-ID 302 and LUN 304 of the OS mappinginformation 114), the number of HDDs that construct “Lun1” is 10 (thenumber of HDDs 404 of the ST mapping information 172), the degree ofprocessing parallelism of the processing block A at this point in timeis 100, and the degree of processing parallelism per HDD of theprocessing block A is 10.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 acquires thenumber (30 in FIG. 5A) of simultaneous I/O processing per HDD (thirdnumber of I/O processing) by referring to the system information 196 andcompares the same with the degree of processing parallelism per HDDcalculated in step 736 (step 738). When the number of simultaneous I/Oprocessing per HDD is lower than the degree of processing parallelismper HDD (step 738: Yes), the number of simultaneous I/O processing perHDD is set to the degree of processing parallelism per HDD (step 740).On the other hand, when the number of simultaneous I/O processing perHDD is higher than the degree of processing parallelism per HDD (step738: No), the degree of processing parallelism per HDD is not changed.Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 multiplies thecalculated degree of processing parallelism per HDD with the number ofHDDs calculated in step 734 to calculate a model-based predicted degreeof processing parallelism of the entire system (step 742). In thefollowing description and the drawings, the model-based predicted degreeof processing parallelism means the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism of the entire system.

For example, when the processing block B of the query 520 is a subject,since the degree of processing parallelism per HDD calculated in step736 is 153 and the number of simultaneous I/O processing per HDD is 30which is smaller than the degree of processing parallelism per HDD, thedegree of processing parallelism per HDD of the processing block B is30, and 300 which is obtained by multiplying the degree of processingparallelism per HDD with 10 which is the number of HDDs is themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism of the processingblock B. Moreover, when the processing block A of the query 520 is asubject, since the degree of processing parallelism per HDD calculatedin step 736 is 10 and the number of simultaneous I/O processing per HDDis larger than the degree of processing parallelism, the degree ofprocessing parallelism per HDD of the processing block A is 10, and 100which is a value obtained by multiplying the degree of processingparallelism per HDD with 10 which is the number of HDDs is themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism of the processingblock A.

Subsequently, the analysis and visualization program 195 calculates aprocessing time required when the number of rows of the object that theprocessing block accesses is executed using the model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism by referring to the sequential I/Operformance 220 or the random I/O performance 222 of the DB statisticsinformation 126 of the DB monitoring information 197 (step 742). Whenthe processing block B of the query 520 is a subject, since the scantype of the processing block B is an index scan, the number of selectedrows of the object “T2” to be accessed is 100,000, the model-basedpredicted degree of processing parallelism is 300, and the random accessperformance is 10 ms, the processing time of the processing block B is(number of selected rows)/(model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism)×(access×(access performance)=100,000/300×10 ms≈3.3 s.Moreover, when the processing block A of the query 520 is a subject,since the scan type of the processing block A is an index scan, thenumber of selected rows of the object “T1” to be accessed is 100, themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism is 100, and therandom access performance is 10 ms, the processing time of theprocessing block A is (number of selected rows)/(model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism)×(access performance)=100/100×10 ms≈10ms.

With the processing described above, the processing behavior predictedwhen the query 520 is executed is that the processing of the processingblock B is executed for 3.3 s with the degree of processing parallelismof 30, and then the processing of the processing block A is executed for10 ms with the degree of processing parallelism of 10.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a measured degree-of-processing-parallelismcalculation processing according to Embodiment 1. In Embodiment 1, thenumber of tags for each HDD is calculated as the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism. Specifically, the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 reads the ST processing information which is an event baseone by one and increments or decrements the number of tags of the HDDaccording to the event (the number of tags is incremented when the eventis the start of a disk I/O and is decremented when the event is the endof a disk I/O). The analysis and visualization program 195 acquires thenumber of tags of each of the processing blocks of all HDDs at thatpoint in time as the measured degree of processing parallelism everypredetermined sampling cycle.

First, the analysis and visualization program 195 clears and initializesthe number of tags of all HDDs to 0 (step 801), reads one entry of theST processing information 174 in the ST monitoring information 199 (step802), and determines whether all entries have been read (step 804). Whenall entries have not be read (step 804: No), the flow proceeds to step808. When all entries have been read (step 804: Yes), the measureddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing ends (step 806).

The analysis and visualization program 195 determines whether the timestamp of one entry of the ST processing information 174 read in step 802exceeds the predetermined sampling cycle for calculation of the measuredvalue (step 808). When the time stamp exceeds the sampling cycle forcalculation of the measured value (step 808: Yes), the analysis andvisualization program 195 acquires the number of tags (a variable usedfor processing) for each of the processing blocks of all HDDs at thatpoint in time as the number of tags at that point in time (step 810). Onthe other hand, when the time stamp does not exceed the sampling cyclefor calculation of the measured value (step 808: No), nothing isperformed. Here, the sampling cycle for calculation of the measuredvalue may be given as a parameter when the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 starts and may be set by the system administrator before theanalysis starts.

Subsequently, when the event of one entry of the ST processinginformation 174 read in step 802 is a “start of disk I/O (DiskIO-Start)” event, the analysis and visualization program 195 specifies aquery that has submitted an I/O of the event and a processing block inthe query by referring to the OS processing information 116 of the OSmonitoring information 198 and the DB processing information 130 of theDB monitoring information 197 and increments the number of tags for eachprocessing block of the access destination disk 178 (step 812). Forexample, in the case of the “start of disk I/O” of the entry number 3 ofthe ST processing information 174, the identifier (IO-ID) of the I/O is“IO1”. The entry of the OS processing information 116 having the sameidentifier “IO1” and the entry of the DB processing information 130 areretrieved and found to specify the query “Q1” that has submitted the I/Oand the processing block “A” in the query.

Subsequently, when the event of one entry of the ST processinginformation 174 read in step 802 is an “end of disk I/O” (Disk IO-End),the analysis and visualization program 195 specifies a query that hassubmitted the I/O of the event and a processing block in the query byreferring to the OS processing information 116 of the OS monitoringinformation 198 and the DB processing information 130 of the DBmonitoring information 197 (the specifying procedure is the same as thatof step 812) and decrements the number of tags for each processing blockof the access destination disk 178 (step 814). Then, the analysis andvisualization program 195 returns to step 802 and reads the subsequentone entry of the ST processing information 174.

According to the measured degree-of-processing-parallelism calculationprocessing, it is possible to calculate the number of tags of eachprocessing block of each disk 178 at the measured value sampling cycleactual processing behavior of the DBMS 120 when a query was executedactually.

Subsequently, a graph displayed based on the model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism and the measured degree of processingparallelism calculated by the analysis and visualization program 195will be described.

FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating an example of the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism according toEmbodiment 1. The graph 900 illustrated in FIG. 10A is a graph of whichthe vertical axis represents a model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism and the horizontal axis represents time and whichdepicts the model-based predicted degrees of processing parallelismcalculated by the model-based predicted degree-of-processing-parallelismcalculation processing in a time-series manner. In the graph 900, agraph line 902 indicates the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism, the portion corresponding to the period between time 0 andt1 indicates the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelismof the processing block B, and the portion corresponding to the periodbetween t1 and t2 indicates the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism of the processing block A.

FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a first example of the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism and measureddegrees of processing parallelism according to Embodiment 1. The graph910 illustrated in FIG. 10B is a graph of which the vertical axisrepresents the degree of processing parallelism (the model-basedpredicted degree of processing parallelism and the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism) and depicts the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism calculated by the model-based predicteddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing and the measureddegree of processing parallelism calculated by the measureddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing in a time-seriesmanner. In the graph 910, the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism is indicated by a graph line 902 and the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism is superimposed thereon with a color added.According to the example indicated by the graph 910, it can beunderstood that the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism conform toeach other in the range of the period between t0 and t2 of theprocessing blocks A and B. Moreover, it can be determined that the DBMS120 operates following the processing behavior predicted based on amodel.

FIG. 10C is a diagram illustrating a second example of the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism and measureddegrees of processing parallelism according to Embodiment 1. The graph920 illustrated in FIG. 10C is the same graph as the graph 910.According to the example indicated by the graph 920, it can beunderstood that the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism do notconform to each other in the range of the period between t0 and t3 whichis a partial period of the processing block B, conform to each other inthe range of the period between 0 and t0, of the processing block B, andconform to each other in the range of the processing block A. Accordingto the graph 920, it can be determined that the DBMS 120 does notoperate following the processing behavior predicted based on a model,and in this case, it can be easily determined that a problem hasoccurred, and the problem is highly likely to have occurred at t0.

As indicated by the graphs 910 and 920, by displaying the graph of themodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism and measureddegrees of processing parallelism of the respective processing blocks ina superimposed manner, it is possible to easily compare the model-basedpredicted degree of processing parallelism and the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism. In the graph of measured degrees of processingparallelism of the graphs 910 and 920, I/Os occurring from programs andsystems other than the DBMS 120 may be displayed in a different form(for example, the graph color may be changed to gray). In this case,I/Os that are not associated with “IO-ID” included in the DB processinginformation 130, the OS processing information 116, and the STprocessing information 174 in the measureddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing 800 describedabove can be specified as I/Os occurring from programs and systems otherthan the DBMS 120. Due to this, it is possible to classify I/Os intoI/Os occurring from the DBMS 120 and I/Os occurring from the othersystems and programs, and to analyze the processing behavior of the DBMS120 only.

Next, an example of a screen displayed by the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 will be described.

FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of model-based predicted degrees of processing parallelismaccording to Embodiment 1. When the analysis and visualization program195 is executed, a window 1000 is displayed on the display 144 asillustrated in FIG. 11A. A menu bar 1001, a display subject HDDselection box 1002, a model-based predicted value display selectionbutton 1004, a measured value display selection button 1006, a graphdrawing area 1008, and a window close button 1012 are arranged on thewindow 1000, and an operator can input an instruction operation or thelike on respective buttons using an input device such as a mouse.

Menus for inputting instructions such as start of analysis, switching ofscreen, and end of program are prepared in the menu bar 1001. Thedisplay subject HDD selection box 1002 allows an operator to select anHDD which is a subject of the graph to be drawn in the graph drawingarea 1008. Here, when “ALL” is selected in the display subject HDDselection box 1002, the analysis and visualization program 195 draws thegraph of the parallel processing degree of the entire system in thegraph drawing area 1008. When the model-based predicted value displaybutton 1004 is selected, the analysis and visualization program 195 putsthe model-based predicted value display button 1004 into a selectedstate (in the drawing, a bold frame indicates the selected state) anddraws the graph of model-based predicted degrees of processingparallelism calculated by the model-based predicteddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing in the graphdrawing area 1008. Moreover, when the measured value display button 1006is selected, the analysis and visualization program 195 puts themeasured value display button 1006 into a selected state (in thedrawing, a bold frame indicates the selected state) and draws the graphof measured degrees of processing parallelism calculated by the measureddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing in the graphdrawing area 1008. In the example of FIG. 11A, only the model-basedpredicted degrees of processing parallelism are displayed.

FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of model-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism andmeasured degrees of processing parallelism according to Embodiment 1. Inthe example of FIG. 11B, the model-based predicted value display button1004 and the measured value display button 1006 are selected, and thegraph in which the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism aresuperimposed is displayed in the graph drawing area 1008. Moreover, whena mouse cursor hovers over a position of the graph drawn in the graphdrawing area 1008, the analysis and visualization program 195 displaysinformation (a time stamp, a query identifier, a processing blockidentifier, the degree of processing parallelism, and the like)corresponding to the position as a tooltip 1010. When the close button1012 is mouse-clicked, the analysis and visualization program 195 closesthe window 1000 and ends the processing.

By operating the screen displayed by the analysis and visualizationprogram 195, the system administrator can display the graph ofmodel-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism and measureddegrees of processing parallelism and easily and appropriately determinehow the DBMS 120 has operated actually in relation to the processingbehavior predicted based on the model of the DBMS 120 and whether aproblem has occurred.

Next, a display screen used for investigating the cause of a problemoccurred will be described.

FIG. 11C is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of number of stagnations according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 11C is a screen including the graph displaying the state ofstagnation for each point (element: processing stagnation point) inwhich processing stagnation is expected to occur in a computer system.Examples of the processing stagnation point include the inside of theDBMS 120(the elements processinged by the DBMS 120) of the computer 100,the inside (the elements processinged by the OS 112) of the OS 112, theHBA which is an example of the I/F(1) 136, the communication network140, the controller 154 of the storage apparatus 150, and a constituentelement of the HDD 178.

Here, first, the processing of the analysis and visualization program195 acquiring the stagnation state of the respective stagnation pointswill be described. The analysis and visualization program 195 incrementsor decrements the number of stagnations based on an event (for example,stagnation in the DBMS 120 can be specified by “IO-Submit” event to“IO-GetEvent” in the DB processing information 130) corresponding to therespective stagnation points by referring to the DB processinginformation 130 of the DB monitoring information 197, the OS processinginformation 116 of the OS monitoring information 198, and the STprocessing information 174 of the ST monitoring information 199, anddetermines and acquires the numbers of stagnations of the stagnationpoints at the measured value sampling cycle similarly to the measureddegree-of-processing-parallelism calculation processing. In this way, itis possible to acquire the number of stagnations at each measured valuesampling cycle. The analysis and visualization program 195 displays thestagnation points as a time-series graph of numbers of stagnations usingthe number of stagnations at each measured value sampling cycle of therespective stagnation points.

The screen displayed in FIG. 11C may be displayed when the screenswitching menu in the menu bar 1001 of the window 1000 is selected andmay be automatically displayed when a problem occurs so that the pointis specified. In the screen illustrated in FIG. 11C, the window 1000includes a menu bar 1001, a close button 1012, and a graph drawing area1010. In the graph drawing area 1010, the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 draws a time-series graph of the number of stagnations ofeach stagnation point, in which the vertical axis represents the numberof stagnations and the horizontal axis represents time. In FIG. 11C, agraph 1012 indicates a stagnation state of a stagnation point 1, a graph1014 indicates a stagnation state of a stagnation point 2, and a graph1016 indicates a stagnation state of a stagnation point 3. For example,when it was understood that a problem has occurred at time t0 from thegraph of model-based predicted degrees of processing parallelism andmeasured degrees of processing parallelism, it is possible to detect thestate of respective stagnation points at time t0 from the screen of FIG.11C and to easily specify the cause thereof. For example, in the screenexample of FIG. 11C, since it is understood that the stagnation state ofthe stagnation point 2 changes greatly at time t0, it is possible toeasily specify that the stagnation point 2 is the cause of the problem.

Next, another screen example displayed by the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 will be described.

FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph illustrating conformity and non-conformity between amodel-based predicted value and a measured value of the degree ofprocessing parallelism of an HDD according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 12B isa diagram illustrating conformity and non-conformity between amodel-based predicted value and a measured value of the degree ofprocessing parallelism of each HDD according to Embodiment 1.

In the screens illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B, it is possible displaya theoretical degree of processing parallelism and a measured degree ofprocessing parallelism for each HDD. If there is a small number of HDDs,the system administrator can display the graph of model-based predicteddegrees of processing parallelism and measured degrees of processingparallelism for respective HDDs and determine whether respective HDDsoperate properly. However, in the case of a computer system havingseveral hundreds to thousands of HDDs, performing the same thing on therespective HDDs incurs a numerous amount of time.

Thus, the analysis and visualization program 195 automaticallycalculates the non-conformity ratio of the degree of processingparallelism (number of HDD tags) of each HDD and displays thecalculation result to thereby reduce the number of analysis steps of thesystem administrator and to facilitate the behavior and performanceanalysis. Here, the non-conformity ratio of the degree of processingparallelism is the ratio of a non-conformity period to an entireprocessing time of a query. For example, if a model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism and a measured degree of processingparallelism of a certain HDD have such a relation as illustrated in FIG.10C, the entire processing time is t4, the non-conformity period ist3−t0, and the non-conformity ratio can be expressed as t4/(t3−t0).Here, the analysis and visualization program 195 compares themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and the measureddegree of processing parallelism at each measured value sampling cycle,for example and determines that both conform to each other if both areidentical and that both do not conform to each other if both are notidentical. The system administrator may allow the analysis andvisualization program 195 to set a threshold value for determining theconformity and non-conformity and may determine the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism conforms to the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism if the measured degree of processing parallelismfalls within the range of the threshold value.

FIG. 12A illustrates an example of a screen displaying, with the lapseof time, the number of conformable and non-conformable HDDs of which themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and the measureddegree of processing parallelism conform or do not conform to each otherin all HDDs of the computer system. The window 1000 includes a menu bar1001, a close button 1012, and a graph drawing area 1010. The graph ofnumber of conformable and non-conformable HDDs is drawn in the graphdrawing area 1010 with the vertical axis representing the number of HDDsthe horizontal axis representing the time elapsed. In the screenillustrated in FIG. 12A, a line 1102 indicates all HDDs, a graph 1104indicates the number of conformable HDDs, and a graph 1106 indicates thenumber of non-conformable HDDs. The determination on conformity andnon-conformity of respective HDDs in the entire processing may be madein such a way that an HDD of which the non-conformity ratio is 0% isconformable and that an HDD of which the non-conformity ratio is equalto or smaller than the parameter (for example, the non-conformity ratio20%) that the system administrator gave to the analysis andvisualization program 195 is conformable. With the screen illustrated inFIG. 12A, it is possible to easily specify how many HDDs operatefollowing the processing behavior predicted based on a model during theentire processing by the DBMS 120.

FIG. 12B is a screen displaying the state of conformity andnon-conformity between the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism in allHDDs of the computer system in the graph drawing area 1010 in a matrixform.

In the drawing, each rectangular portion in the matrix corresponds toone HDD. This rectangular portion is displayed such that an HDD of whichthe model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and themeasured degree of processing parallelism conform to each other, an HDDof which the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism andthe measured degree of processing parallelism do not conform to eachother, and an HDD that is not accessed by the query are displayed indifferent forms (for example, different colors). Here, a rectangle 1110indicates a conformable HDD, a rectangle 1112 indicates anon-conformable HDD, and a rectangle 1114 indicates a non-accessed HDD.The analysis and visualization program 195 may determine whether therespective HDDs are conformable or non-conformable in such a way that anHDD of which the non-conformity ratio is 0% is conformable and that anHDD of which the non-conformity ratio is equal to or smaller than theparameter (for example, the non-conformity ratio 20%) that the systemadministrator gave to the analysis and visualization program 195similarly to the above.

In FIG. 12B, although all HDDs are displayed as one matrix, a group ofstorage apparatuses 150 or RAID groups may be displayed as one matrix.Moreover, when one rectangular portion in the matrix is selected by anoperation such as a mouse-click, the analysis and visualization program195 may display the graph of model-based predicted degrees of processingparallelism and measured degrees of processing parallelism asillustrated in FIG. 11B for the HDD corresponding to the selectedrectangular portion. In this way, it is possible to analyze the state ofconformity and non-conformity between the model-based predicted degreeof processing parallelism and the measured degree of processingparallelism easily and in detail.

FIG. 12C is a diagram illustrating a screen display example illustratingHDDs in descending order of non-conformity ratio between the model-basedpredicted value and the measured value of the degree of processingparallelism according to Embodiment 1.

In the window 1000 illustrated in FIG. 12C, the analysis andvisualization program 195 displays the ranks of HDDs having highernon-conformity ratios between the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelismsequentially in the graph drawing area 1010. In the graph drawing area1010, a rank number is displayed in an area 1120, an identifier (ST-ID)for identifying the storage apparatus 150 and an identifier (HDD-ID) foridentifying the HDD 178 are displayed in an area 1122, and anon-conformity ratio is displayed in an area 1124.

In FIG. 12C, the HDD “HDD45” of the storage apparatus “ST1” has anon-conformity ratio of 32.5% and is on the first rank, the HDD “HDD6”of the storage apparatus “ST1” has a non-conformity ratio of 31.8% andis on the second rank, and the HDD “HDD74” of the storage apparatus“ST1” has a non-conformity ratio of 31.4% and is on the third rank.

Moreover, a detail display button 1126 is displayed in the graph drawingarea 1010 at a position corresponding to each entry of the ranks. Whenan operator performs an operation (for example, a mouse-click) on thedetail display button 1126, the graph of model-based predicted degreesof processing parallelism and measured degrees of processing parallelismof the corresponding HDD is displayed. In this way, it is possible toanalyze the detailed state of conformity and non-conformity between themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and the measureddegree of processing parallelism of the respective displayed HDDs havinghigh non-conformity ratios.

Further, another screen display example displayed by the analysis andvisualization program 195 will be described.

According to the screens illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B, it ispossible to display the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism of acomputer system and to easily determine whether the DBMS 120 operatesfollowing the processing behavior predicted based on a model and whethera problem has occurred. According to the screen illustrated in FIG. 11C,it is possible to easily specify the point where a problem has occurred.However, with these screens only, it is not possible to investigate andanalyze the actual behavior of the DBMS 120 in more detail.

Thus, the analysis and visualization program 195 analyzes the systeminformation 196, the DB monitoring information 197, the OS monitoringinformation 198, and the ST monitoring information 199 and displays theprocessing state of respective threads in the DBMS 120 to therebyfacilitate the investigation and analysis of the actual behavior of theDBMS 120.

FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating a screen display example includingthe graph of statistical values of the number of tasks for each table orindex that the DBMS according to Embodiment 1 accesses. In the graph1200 illustrated in FIG. 13A, the number of tasks of each object beingaccessed is drawn in the graph drawing area 1010 of the window 1000 in atime-series manner while changing the display mode (for example, a graphcolor) for each object with the vertical axis representing the number oftasks of each object being accessed and the horizontal axis representingtime. With this graph 1200, it is possible to easily specify how manytasks are access a certain object at each time period.

FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating a first screen display exampleincluding the graph of statistical values for each task state accordingto Embodiment 1. In the graph 1210 illustrated in FIG. 13B, the numberof tasks of each task state is drawn in the graph drawing area 1010 ofthe window 1000 in a time-series manner while changing a display mode(for example, a graph color) for each task state with the vertical axisrepresenting the number of tasks of each task state and the horizontalaxis representing time. Examples of the task state include a DBprocessing execution state, an I/O submitting state, a CPU allocationstandby state, a DB buffer I/O completion standby state, a lock holdingstate, and a lock acquisition standby state. In the example indicated bythe graph 1210, a graph 1212 indicates the number of tasks of a DBbuffer I/O completion standby state, a graph 1214 indicates the numberof tasks of a lock acquisition standby state, a graph 1216 indicates thenumber of tasks of a CPU allocation standby state, and a graph 1218indicates the number of tasks of an I/O submitting state. According tothe graph 1210, it is possible to easily specify whether a task operatesat an upper limit where the task is executable in each time period andthe task state.

FIG. 13C is a graph illustrating a second screen display exampleincluding the graph of task states according to Embodiment 1. In thegraph 1220 illustrated in FIG. 13C, the task state is drawn in the graphdrawing area 1010 of the window 1000 while changing the display mode(for example, a graph color) for each task state with the vertical axisrepresenting the task (each line in the horizontal direction representsone task state) and the horizontal axis representing time. Although taskstates other than the lock holding state among the task states take onlyone state, since the lock holding state sometimes overlaps the otherstate (for example, a task may submit an I/O while holding the lockedstate), the graph of the lock holding state is drawn under the graphs ofthe other states. According to the graph 1220, it is possible to easilyspecify the state of each task in each time period.

In Embodiment 1, the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism is calculated based on the number of selected rowscorresponding to an index key value to be referred, the number of kernelthreads, the number of tasks, the number of simultaneous HBA I/Oprocessing, the number of simultaneous I/O processing of a storagecontroller, and the number of simultaneous I/O processing per HDD.However, although not described in Embodiment 1, other rate-controllingfactors of the degree of processing parallelism, such as a queue lengthon an I/O path or a slot ring based on QOS control on a network in avirtual machine (VM) including a multiple stages of OSs, a file system,a scheduler, a device driver, and the like in an OS may be considered.In Embodiment 1, a means for acquiring information on portions servingas the rate-controlling factors may be provided, the information ofthese portions may also be calculated when the degree of processingparallelism is calculated.

In Embodiment 1, although a case where the DBMS 120 executes one queryis described, when the DBMS 120 executes a plurality of queriessimultaneously, the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism may becalculated in the same manner, and the calculation result may bedisplayed on the screen. In this way, it is possible to analyze theprocessing behavior when a plurality of queries is executed. In thiscase, the plurality of queries can be identified by “QID” included inthe query plan information 128 and the DB processing information 130.When the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism iscalculated, the model-based predicted degree-of-processing-parallelismcalculation processing 610 may be executed for the respective queries,and the calculated model-based predicted degrees of processingparallelism may be summed up. In this way, it is possible to calculatethe model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism of the entiresystem. The measured degree of processing parallelism can be calculatedby counting the same for the respective queries by the “QID”. Moreover,when the graph of the measured degrees of processing parallelism duringexecution of a plurality of queries is displayed on a screen, themeasured degrees of processing parallelism may be displayed whilechanging the display mode (for example, a graph color) for therespective queries. In this way, it is possible to analyze how therespective queries have been executed.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the graph of model-basedpredicted degrees of processing parallelism and measured degrees ofprocessing parallelism when a plurality of queries (in this example,queries X and Y) is executed. In the graph 1400 illustrated in FIG. 14,a value obtained by summing up the model-based predicted degrees ofprocessing parallelism of the queries X and Y is displayed as a graphline 902 of the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism,and the colors of a measured degree of processing parallelism 1402 ofthe query X and a measured degree of processing parallelism 1404 of thequery Y are displayed in different colors.

In Embodiment 1, although an abstraction layer of an I/O path like alogical volume manager (LVM), for example, is not described, themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and the measureddegree of processing parallelism may be calculated taking theabstraction layer of an I/O path into consideration, the calculationresult may be displayed, and the processing behavior of the DBMS 120 maybe analyzed. FIGS. 15A and 15B are block diagrams of an example oflogical volume information and volume group information when the LVM isused. Logical volume information 1500 is information on mapping of alogical volume which is a logical storage area and a volume group inwhich the logical volume is created and has an entry for each logicalvolume. Each entry includes a field 1502 in which a logical volume namefor identifying a logical volume is registered and a field 1504 in whicha volume group name for identifying a volume group in which the logicalvolume is created is registered. The volume group information 1510 isinformation on mapping of a volume group and a physical volume (device)that constitutes the volume group and has an entry for each volumegroup. Each entry includes a field 1512 in which a volume group name foridentifying a volume group is registered and a field 1514 in which aphysical volume (device) that constitutes the volume group isregistered. Moreover, in this case, a DB file is created on a logicalvolume, and the created logical volume name is registered in the field212 in which the device name of the DB file information 124 of FIG. 2Bis registered. In the processing of calculating the model-basedpredicted degree of processing parallelism and the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism, an HDD that the DBMS 120 accesses when executingthe DB processing is specified by referring to the logical volumeinformation 1500 and the volume group 1510.

In Embodiment 1, a method of analyzing the behavior and performance ofthe DBMS 120 focusing on the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism (for example, the model-based predicted number of HDD tags)and the measured degree of processing parallelism (for example, themeasured number of HDD tags) is described. However, for example,performance may be replaced with power consumption, a model-basedpredicted power consumption when a query is executed by a computersystem and a measured power consumption when a query is actuallyexecuted may be calculated, and the values may be used as powerconsumption monitoring information. In particular, since a large-scalesystem consumes a large amount of power, it may be useful to calculate amodel-based predicted power consumption in advance and to present thesame to a system administrator. Moreover, a model-based predicted powerconsumption and a measured power consumption may be displayed in acomparable manner to facilitate analysis of power consumption.

As described above, according to Embodiment 1, the system administratorcan easily determine whether the DBMS 120 operates following theprocessing behavior predicted based on a model or not. Moreover, whenthe DBMS 120 does not operate in such a manner, it is possible tounderstand that a problem has occurred and to easily specify a pointthat causes the problem. Further, it is possible to easily investigateand analyze the actual behavior of the DBMS 120 and to dramaticallyreduce the time required for analyzing the behavior and performance ofthe DBMS 120.

Embodiment 2

Hereinafter, Embodiment 2 will be described. Different features fromEmbodiment 1 will be described mainly, and the same features asEmbodiment 1 will not be provided or may be simplified.

In Embodiment 1, the analysis and visualization program 195 calculatesthe model-based predicted value and displays the model-based predictedvalue and the measured value on the display 144. However, in Embodiment2, the analysis and visualization program 195 may not necessarilycalculate or display the model-based predicted value. In Embodiment 2,the DB monitoring information output unit 132 outputs event-driveninformation associated with execution of tasks with the progress ofquery execution as DB processing information 2200 and 2400 describedlater, and the analysis and visualization program 195 acquires theinformation and displays a graph indicating the execution state of taskson a screen.

Naturally, the first and second embodiments may be combined. In acombination of the first and second embodiments, the following flow canbe considered.

(A) The analysis and visualization program 195 calculates themodel-based predicted value and the measured value of the processingbehavior of the DBMS 120 based on various items of acquired monitoringinformation and displays the graphs thereof (FIGS. 11A to 11C, and 12Ato 12C if necessary (for example, in response to the request from thesystem administrator)) on the display 144.

(B) The system administrator determines whether a problem has occurredin the processing of the DBMS 120 by looking on these graphs. When it isdetermined in (B) that a problem has occurred, the system administratorcan specify the problem occurred by performing the following operations.An example of the specified problem is that tasks are executedsequentially although the DBMS 1202 can execute tasks in parallel.

For example, the system administrator causes the analysis andvisualization program 195 to display the graph (for example, FIGS. 13Ato 13C) relating to the behavior of the DBMS 120 by operating the menuson the screen displayed on the display 144. By doing so, the systemadministrator can analyze a thread execution state, an object accessstate, and the like.

Moreover, for example, the system administrator causes the analysis andvisualization program 195 to display a visualization window 2500 (FIG.25) and causes the analysis and visualization program 195 to draw a taskbehavior visualization tree (for example, FIG. 26 or 30) and/or a datastructure visualization tree (for example, FIG. 27) on the visualizationwindow 2500 by operating the menus on the screen displayed on thedisplay 144. A display mode of respective nodes in the task behaviorvisualization tree and the data structure visualization tree changesaccording to the progress of query execution (an event type in the DBprocessing information illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 24). In this way, thesystem administrator can specify a problem occurred during execution ofqueries.

Hereinafter, Embodiment 2 will be described in detail.

In Embodiment 2, an index IA, a table A, an index IB, and a table B arepresent as schema as illustrated in FIG. 16, for example. The index IAspreads in a column A2 of the table A, and the index IB spreads in acolumn B1 of the table B.

When a query illustrated in FIG. 17A is received with respect to aschema group illustrated in FIG. 16, the DBMS 120 generates a query planillustrated in FIG. 17B and acquires a query result illustrated in FIG.17C, for example, as the result of the execution.

Among the schema group illustrated in FIG. 16, the index IA and thetable A have a data structure as illustrated in FIG. 18, and the indexIB and the table B have a data structure as illustrated in FIG. 19. InFIGS. 18 and 19, “P” indicates a DB page. Hereinafter, “Pxxx” (xxx is a3-digit integer) will be denoted referred to as a DB page #xxx. Forexample, according to FIG. 18, a value in the record including a valueequal to or larger than “ABB” as the value of the column A2 can beacquired from DB pages #105 and #106 by referring to a DB page #103 froma DB page #101 according to page-based reference and referring to the DBpages #105 and #106 from the DB page #103 according to record-basedreference.

Although the index has a tree structure in this example, the index mayhave other structures such as a hash structure.

Moreover, although the record-based reference is physical reference (forexample, which uses a page ID and a storage location in a page) in thisexample, the record-based reference may be logical reference (which usesa unique main key). In this case, it is possible to obtain an indexentry from secondary indices and obtain a record by retrieving a mainindex.

Moreover, although the data structure of the table is a flat file datastructure, the table may has a tree structure similarly to the indexsuch as an index configuration table.

The information representing the data structure is generally too big tostore in the memory 110 of the computer 100. Thus, the DBMS 120 createsa data structure summary table which is the summary of the informationand stores the data structure summary table in the memory 110.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of the data structure summary table 2000.This table 2000 includes a page ID, an object ID (the ID of a schemahaving a value stored in the DB page), a parent DB page ID (the ID of aparent DB page (reference source DB page) of the DB page), a key range(upper and lower limits of usable key values).

It is assumed that twenty five tasks #1 to #25 are present.

A conventional DBMS executes twenty five tasks sequentially asillustrated in FIG. 21. DB processing information indicating a group ofrecords of which the execution histories are described is DB processinginformation 2200 illustrated in FIG. 22, for example. The DB processinginformation 2200 has at least one record. One record corresponds to onetask execution history and includes an entry number (history number), atime stamp (task execution time or number), a thread ID (the ID of athread having an executed task), an event type (the type of an eventperformed by execution of a task), a task ID (the ID of an executedtask), and a parent task ID (the ID of a parent task of an executedtask). The DB processing information 2200 is a modification of the DBprocessing information 130 illustrated in FIG. 2E.

However, the DBMS 120 is configured to execute tasks in parallel andexecutes the tasks #1 to #25 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 23. Morespecifically, the DBMS 120 generates and executes a task #1, generatesnew tasks #2 and #16 based on execution result of a DB operationcorresponding to the executed task #1 when a next DB operation isexecuted based on the execution result, and executes the newly generatedtasks #2 and #16 in parallel. In this way, as can be understood fromcomparison between FIGS. 21 and 23, it is possible to shorten the timerequired for execution of queries. The DB processing information whenthe tasks #1 to #25 are executed as illustrated in FIG. 23 is DBprocessing information 2400 illustrated in FIG. 24, for example. The DBprocessing information 2400 is stored in the memory 110 of the computer100.

As can be understood by comparing the records of the entry numbers 6 and7 of FIG. 22 and the records of the entry numbers 6 and 7 of FIG. 24,the conventional DBMS executes operations corresponding to the task #2sequentially whereas the DBMS 120 according to Embodiment 2 executes theoperation corresponding to the task #2 and the operation correspondingto the task #16 in parallel.

If a certain problem occurs in the behavior of the conventional DBMS,since tasks are performed in the occurrence order, it may be notdifficult to specify the problem.

However, when a certain problem occurs in the behavior of such a DBMSexecuting tasks in parallel as that of Embodiment 2 (and Embodiment 1),since the order in which tasks are executed is not defined, it isdifficult to specify the problem.

Visualizing the behavior of the DBMS can be one method of solving thisproblem.

However, although the behavior (how the DBMS operates in a computer) ofthe DBMS is visualized only, it may be difficult for a systemadministrator to specify the problem. For example, the analysis andvisualization program can visualize the behavior of the DBMS bydisplaying the DB processing information 2400 illustrated in FIG. 24 ina text form. However, the system administrator needs to follow therecords in the DB processing information in a time-series order in orderto specify the problem. Thus, the load for specifying the problem islarge.

Thus, in Embodiment 2, the analysis and visualization program 195acquires the DB processing information 2400 from the computer 100 andstores the acquired DB processing information 2400 in the memory 192.The analysis and visualization program 195 visualizes the behavior ofthe DBMS 120 based on the DB processing information 2400 in the memory192 according to the following rules.

(a) A task object which is an object indicating an executed task isdrawn.

(b) A display mode of the task object is changed according to a changein a task state (the type of an event performed by execution of thetask) indicated by the task object.

For example, a task object may be a node of a tree and maybe a segmentregion (for example, a fan-shaped region) obtained by evenly dividing apredetermined region (for example, a circle) by the number of executedtasks. Moreover, various forms such as colors, patterns, brightness, thesize of task objects (for example, nodes), a line thickness, or changingfrom a non-displayed state to a displayed state can be employed as thedisplay mode that is changed according to a task state. Moreover, theanalysis and visualization program 195 may change the display mode ofthe task object in an animated manner. Further, the analysis andvisualization program 195 may draw objects (for example, edges (links)that connect task objects) indicating a parent-child relation of tasksbased on the DB processing information 2400.

When the DB size increases, the number of task objects increases also,and thus, there is a possibility that when the analysis andvisualization program 195 draws the above-described data, too manycontents are drawn so that the user (analyzer) has difficulties inanalyzing the behavior. Thus, the analysis and visualization program 195may allow a display form of displaying all task objects and a displayform of displaying partial designated task objects to be switchedaccording to a user instruction. Moreover, when partial task objects tobe displayed are selected, a user may place a mouse pointer on a taskobject to be selected and perform a zoom-in or zoom-out operation aboutthe task object so that a range of task objects to be displayed can beselected.

Hereinafter, several specific examples will be described.

Upon receiving information indicating an operation for displaying avisualization window from the input-output device 188, the analysis andvisualization program 195 displays such a visualization window 2500 asillustrated in FIG. 25 on the display 144.

The visualization window 2500 includes a task display area 2501 in whicha task behavior visualization tree is displayed and an object displayarea in which an object data structure visualization tree is displayed.The object display area includes one or more index display areas 2502Aand 2502B in which one or more data structure visualization treescorresponding to one or more indices are displayed and one or more tabledisplay areas 2503A and 2503B in which one or more data structurevisualization trees corresponding to one or more tables are displayed. Aindex display area and a table display area referenced from the indexare arranged in a line along a predetermined direction (for example, avertical direction).

Moreover, the visualization window 2500 includes a time stamp slider2504, a zoom-in button 2505, and a zoom-out button 2506. The time stampslider 2504 is an example of a time stamp adjustment tool, one end of abar 2505 along which the slider 2504 runs is an execution start time(the time indicated by the time stamp of the starting task of the DBprocessing information 2400) of a root task (first task), and the otherend of the bar 2505 is the time (the time indicated by the time stamp ofthe ending record of the DB processing information 2400) at which a DBoperation corresponding to an end task (final task) ends.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a task behavior visualization treedrawn in the task display area 2501.

The task behavior visualization tree is a graph in which tasks are nodesand parent-child relations of tasks are edges (links).

Twenty five nodes corresponding to twenty five tasks #1 to #25 arearranged in a predetermined direction (for example, a verticaldirection) in old-to-new order of time stamps. In FIG. 26, for example,a root task (the task of which the time stamp is the oldest) is on thetop, and an end task (the task of which the time stamp is the oldest) isat the bottom. The analysis and visualization program 195 evenly dividesa vertical coordinate range of a display range of the task behaviorvisualization tree by the number of nodes arranged in the verticaldirection and draws the nodes at the evenly divided coordinatepositions. In this division, the analysis and visualization program 195regards two or more nodes of which the time stamps of the event type“Task Start” are substantially the same as one node. Thus, it can beunderstood from this tree that two or more tasks corresponding to two ormore nodes having the same vertical coordinate start at substantiallythe same time.

Moreover, in the task behavior visualization tree, nodes at the samedistance from a node corresponding to a root task are arranged at anequal interval along the horizontal direction.

The state corresponding to a display mode of nodes and edges of the taskbehavior visualization tree includes four types of states which aretasks having not started, tasks being in I/O operation (tasks of whichthe event type is “Task Start” or “IO-Submit”), tasks being in operation(tasks of which the event type is “IO-GetEvent” or “OP Start”), andtasks having completed operations (tasks of which the event type is “OPEnd”). The analysis and visualization program 195 draws all nodes andedges in a display mode corresponding to the task having not started inthe initial state and then changes the display mode of nodes and edgesto a display mode corresponding to a task state at a designated time.The tree illustrated in FIG. 26 illustrates a task execution state atthe time stamp “103.00”. According to the DB processing information 2400illustrated in FIG. 24, at the time stamp “103.00,” the event type ofthe task #1 is “OP End,” the event types of the tasks #2 and #16 are“IO-Submit,” and the other tasks have not started. Due to this, theanalysis and visualization program 195 changes a display mode of nodesand edges corresponding to the task #1 to a display mode correspondingto a task having completed an operation (for example, in an animatedmanner, after the display modes (tasks being in I/O operation and tasksbeing in operation) in the drawing are displayed), changes a displaymode of nodes and edges corresponding to the tasks #2 and #16 to adisplay mode corresponding to a task being in I/O operation, and causesa display mode of nodes and edges corresponding to the other tasks to beleft in the display mode corresponding to the task having not started.

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of a data structure visualization treedrawn in the schema display areas 2502A, 2502B, 2503A, and 2503B.

The data structure visualization tree is a graph in which DB pages arenodes and dependencies between pages on the data structure are edges(links).

The analysis and visualization program 195 acquires the data structuresummary table 2000 from the computer 100 and stores the acquired datastructure summary table 2000 in the memory 192. The analysis andvisualization program 195 draws a data structure visualization treebased on the data structure summary table 2000 and the DB processinginformation 2400 in the memory 192.

A parent-child relation between DB pages on the data structure may be alink or the like in the case of a link array. When the data structure isa flat file data structure, the analysis and visualization program 195may arrange and draw nodes corresponding to a DB page in the order ofpage addresses rather than drawing the same as a graph structure.Moreover, the analysis and visualization program 195 may draw the entiredatabase rather than the data structure by arranging the same in theorder of DB page addresses.

Nodes at the same distance from a node corresponding to a root page arearranged at an equal interval along the horizontal direction.

The state corresponding to a display mode of nodes and edges of the datastructure visualization tree includes four types of states which arepages corresponding to tasks having not started I/O operations (DB pagesof which the corresponding tasks are tasks having not started), pagescorresponding to tasks having completed I/O operations (DB pages ofwhich the corresponding tasks are tasks being in I/O operation), pagescorresponding to tasks being in operation (DB pages of which thecorresponding tasks are tasks being in operation), and pagescorresponding to tasks having completed operations (DB pages of whichthe corresponding tasks are tasks having completed operation). Theanalysis and visualization program 195 draws all nodes and edges in adisplay mode corresponding to the page corresponding to the task havingnot started an I/O operation and then changes the display mode of nodesand edges to a display mode corresponding to a DB page state dependingon the task state at a designated state. The tree illustrated in FIG. 27illustrates a state at the time stamp “103.00”. According to the DBprocessing information 2400 illustrated in FIG. 24, at the time stamp“103.00,” the DB page #101 is a DB page referenced from the task #1which is a task having completed operation, the DB pages #102 and #103are DB pages referenced from the tasks #2 and #16 which are tasks beingin I/O operation, and the other DB pages are DB pages referenced fromtasks which are tasks having not started. Due to this, the analysis andvisualization program 195 changes a display mode of nodes and edgescorresponding to the DB page #101 to a display mode corresponding to apage corresponding to a task having completed operations (for example,in an animated manner, after the display modes (pages corresponding totasks having completed I/O operations and pages corresponding to tasksbeing in operations) in the drawing are displayed), changes a displaymode of nodes and edges corresponding to the DB pages #102 and #103 to adisplay mode corresponding to a page corresponding to a task havingcompleted I/O operations, and causes a display mode of nodes and edgescorresponding to the other DB pages to be left in the display modecorresponding to the page corresponding to the task having not startedan I/O operation.

The analysis and visualization program 195 changes a display mode ofnodes and edges of various trees to a display mode corresponding to anevent type (or a previous event type closest to the designated time) ofthe designated time after transition with a change in the designatedtime (with movement of the slider 2504). For example, when a designatedtime changes from first time “103.00” to second time (for example, acertain time later than the first time), the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 changes the display of a task execution visualization treefrom the display illustrated in FIG. 26 to the display illustrated inFIG. 28 (for example, in an animated manner) based on the DB processinginformation 2400 and changes the display of the data structurevisualization trees from the display illustrated in FIG. 27 to thedisplay illustrated in FIG. 29 (for example, in an animated manner).Specifically, the analysis and visualization program 195 switches areference destination of a record of the DB processing information 2400with a change in the designated time and changes a display mode of nodesand edges of a task corresponding to the record based on a value (anevent type, in particular) in the record that refers to the recordreference destination with the switching. The analysis and visualizationprogram 195 changes a display mode of both the task behaviorvisualization tree and the data structure visualization tree with achange in the designated time. That is, for example, when the state ofthe task #1 is changed from a task having not started to a task havingcompleted operation as the result of the change in the designated time,the analysis and visualization program 195 changes a display mode ofnodes and edges corresponding to the task #1 from the display mode ofthe task having not started to the display mode of the task havingcompleted operation (in an animated manner so that an intermediatedisplay mode is also displayed), and in line with this, changes adisplay mode of the DB page #101 referenced from the task #1 from thedisplay mode of the page corresponding to the task having not startedI/O operations to the display mode of the page corresponding to the taskhaving completed operations (for example, in an animated manner so thatan intermediate display mode is also displayed). Even when thedesignated time is changed in a forward direction (from past to future)or in a backward direction (from future to past), the analysis andvisualization program 195 can switch the reference destination of arecord of the DB processing information 2400 with the change and canchange the display of various trees.

According to Embodiment 2, a change in the display mode of nodes andedges of various trees drawn on the visualization window 2500 changeswith a change in the designated time based on the DB processinginformation 2400. The system administrator can specify the problemoccurred by monitoring a change in the display mode of nodes and edgesof various trees. For example, when the display mode of nodes and edgeschanges in the order of task IDs in the task behavior visualizationtree, the system administrator can specify a problem that tasks wereexecuted sequentially even if the DBMS 120 can execute tasks. Moreover,for example, when a DB page of which the display mode did not change ispresent in the data structure visualization tree, the systemadministrator can specify a problem that a task that has to access theDB page was not executed.

In Embodiment 2, when a zoom-in operation such as pressing of thezoom-in button 2505 is operated, the analysis and visualization program195 can display a zoom-in target (for example, at least one of the taskbehavior visualization tree and the data structure visualization tree)at an enlarged scale. Moreover, when a zoom-out operation such aspressing of the zoom-out button 2506 is operated, the analysis andvisualization program 195 can display a zoom-out target (for example, atleast one of the task behavior visualization tree and the data structurevisualization tree) at a reduced scale. Various modes for expansion andcontraction can be employed. For example, a mode of expanding andcontracting in both vertical and horizontal directions and a mode ofexpanding and contracting in one direction only may be provided, and theanalysis and visualization program 195 may expand and contract the treein a mode selected from the same among these modes. Moreover, a mode ofadjusting an expansion/contraction ratio so that a root node is alwaysdisplayed may be provided. During redrawing, the analysis andvisualization program 195 may draw only edges adjacent to a nodeincluded in a region displayed on a drawing coordinate.

Moreover, such a radical tree as illustrated in FIG. 30 may be employedas the task behavior visualization tree displayed in the task displayarea 2501. The analysis and visualization program 195 may draw such aradical tree as illustrated in FIG. 30 by arranging nodes of tasks atthe same level in a concentric form around a node (the node of a roottask, for example) of a certain task. The “tasks at the same level” maybe tasks of the same generation from a certain task and may be tasksthat access pages at the same distance from a root page of a certaindata structure. In such a radical tree, for example, when a designatedtime changes from first time “103.00” to second time (for example, acertain time later than the first time), the analysis and visualizationprogram 195 may change the display of the radical tree from the displayillustrated in FIG. 30 to the display illustrated in FIG. 31 based onthe DB processing information 2400.

Moreover, a radical tree may be employed as a modification of the datastructure visualization tree.

Further, the vertical direction may be an example of a first direction,and the horizontal direction may be an example of a second direction (adirection vertical to the first direction, for example).

Furthermore, when at least one of the task behavior and the datastructure (or the database) is visualized, a type of display other thanthe tree (for example, various visualizations described in “A TreeVisualization Reference IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,” Vol.31, No. 6 (November 2011), pp. 11-15) may be employed.

While several embodiments have been described, the present invention isnot limited to the embodiments described above but can be embodied invarious forms. For example, an analysis system as below can be derivedbased on the above description.

An analysis system that analyzes behavior of a database managementsystem (DBMS) that dynamically generates tasks for executing operationswhen processing a query to a database stored in a storage device havinga plurality of storage media to execute the dynamically generated tasksin parallel, the system comprising:

a storage resource; and

a processor coupled to the storage resource,

wherein the DBMS is configured to generate event information which is agroup of records including a task state after change and the time of thechange, and

wherein the processor is configured to:

-   -   acquire the event information from a computer that executes the        DBMS and store the event information in the storage resource;        and    -   draw a task object which is an object indicating a task based on        the event information, and change a display mode of the task        object to a display mode corresponding to a task state of the        task object.

The analysis system may refer to all or at least two partial records ofthe event information in a time-series manner and changes a display modeof the task object to a display mode corresponding to a changed state ofthe task of the task object. The “time-series” mentioned herein may bean old-to-new order (forward direction) of the time in records and anew-to-old order (backward direction) of the time in records.

The event information may include information indicating which task isgenerated by which task. The analysis system may draw an edge whichindicates a generation relation of tasks and which connects task objectsbased on the event information.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   100, 180 Computer-   140, 142 Network-   144 Display-   150 Storage apparatus-   112 OS-   120 DBMS-   154 Controller-   170 Control program-   195 Analysis and visualization program-   132 DB monitoring information output unit-   118 OS monitoring information output unit-   174 ST monitoring information output unit

1. An analysis system for analyzing behavior of a database managementsystem (DBMS) being configured to dynamically generates tasks forexecuting operations when processing a query to a database stored in astorage device having a plurality of storage media to execute thedynamically generated tasks in parallel, the system comprising: astorage resource; and a processor which is coupled to the storageresource, the storage resource being configured to store thread numberspecifying information capable of specifying a largest number of threadsfor the query in the DBMS, first processing number specifyinginformation capable of specifying a first number of I/O processing thatan interface between the DBMS and the storage device can execute inparallel, second processing number specifying information capable ofspecifying a second number of I/O processing that can be executed inparallel in the storage medium of the storage device, and thirdprocessing number specifying information capable of specifying a thirdnumber of I/O processing that each storage medium can execute inparallel, and the processor being configured to: acquire a number ofselected rows corresponding to a key value of an index key for a queryfrom the DBMS; calculate a model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism which is a degree of processing parallelism predicted basedon a model of the processing corresponding to the query, based on thenumber of selected rows, the largest number of threads specified by thethread number specifying information, the first number of I/O processingspecified by the first processing number specifying information, thesecond number of I/O processing specified by the second processingnumber specifying information, and the third number of I/O processingspecified by the third processing number specifying information;acquire, from the storage device, event information on an input-outputevent with respect to the storage medium when the processingcorresponding to the query is executed actually; calculate a measureddegree of processing parallelism which is a degree of processingparallelism when the processing corresponding to the query is executedactually, based on the event information; and perform control ofdisplaying information based on the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism and the measured degree of processingparallelism.
 2. The analysis system according to claim 1, wherein theprocessor is configured to perform control of displaying a graph so thatthe model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and themeasured degree of processing parallelism can be compared.
 3. Theanalysis system according to claim 2, wherein a computer that executesthe DBMS is configured to store input-output time information capable ofspecifying the time associated with random input-output when readingdata, and wherein the processor is configured to: acquire theinput-output time information from the computer; determine a change withtime in the query, in the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism, based on the input-output time information; specify achange with time in the measured degree of processing parallelism basedon the event information; and display a change with time in themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and the measureddegree of processing parallelism as a graph.
 4. The analysis systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to: specify anumber of storage media that stores data corresponding to the query;specify a smallest value among the largest number of threads, the firstnumber of I/O processing, and the second number of I/O processing, anddivide the specified value by the number of storage media to determinethe result of division as a candidate model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism; and determine a smaller value among thecandidate model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism and thethird number of I/O processing as the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism.
 5. The analysis system according to claim 1,wherein the DBMS is configured to divide the query into a plurality ofpartial queries to execute respective partial queries when the queryincludes a plurality of partial queries, and wherein the processor isconfigured to calculate the model-based predicted degree of processingparallelism and the measured degree of processing parallelism forrespective partial queries.
 6. The analysis system according to claim 1,wherein the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelism andthe measured degree of processing parallelism are values indicating thenumber of tags of the storage medium.
 7. The analysis system accordingto claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to display informationcapable of specifying a query and a partial query at the timecorresponding to the designated position when an optional position onthe graph of the model-based predicted degree of processing parallelismis designated.
 8. The analysis system according to claim 1, wherein thestorage medium is a disk device, wherein the thread number specifyinginformation includes a number of kernel threads in the DBMS thatexecutes the query processing and a number of tasks per kernel thread,wherein the first processing number specifying information includes aqueue length on an I/O path of a computer in which the DBMS operates, anumber of ports of the interface and a number of simultaneous I/Oprocessing per port, and information on a network bandwidth, wherein thesecond processing number specifying information includes a number ofstorage controllers of the storage device and a number of simultaneousI/O processing per storage controller, and wherein the third processingnumber specifying information includes a number of simultaneous I/Oprocessing per disk device.
 9. The analysis system according to claim 1,wherein the processor is configured to: acquire event information of aplurality of elements involved in the processing corresponding to thequery in the computer system; detect a number of stagnations of an I/Oprocessing during execution of the processing corresponding to the queryin the respective elements, based on the event information of therespective elements; and display the number of stagnations of theelement.
 10. The analysis system according to claim 9, wherein theprocessor is configured to display the number of stagnations of theelement as a time-series graph.
 11. The analysis system according toclaim 1, wherein the processor is configured to: obtain the model-basedpredicted degree of processing parallelism and the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism of the respective storage media and specifywhether the measured degree of processing parallelism of each of thestorage media falls within a range in which the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism conforms to the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism; and display a graph capable of specifying thenumber of storage media which is out of the range in which the measureddegree of processing parallelism conforms to the model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism.
 12. The analysis system according toclaim 1, wherein the processor is configured to: obtain the model-basedpredicted degree of processing parallelism and the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism of the respective storage media and specifywhether the measured degree of processing parallelism of each of thestorage media falls within a range in which the measured degree ofprocessing parallelism conforms to the model-based predicted degree ofprocessing parallelism; and display a form of diagram capable ofspecifying whether the respective storage media are in the range inwhich the measured degree of processing parallelism conforms to themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism.
 13. The analysissystem according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:calculate a non-conformity ratio which is the ratio of a period in whichthe measured degree of processing parallelism is out of a range in whichthe measured degree of processing parallelism conforms to themodel-based predicted degree of processing parallelism, to an executionperiod of the processing corresponding to the query, for each of thestorage media; and display information on the plurality of storage mediain descending order of the non-conformity ratio.
 14. The analysis systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the DBMS is configured to generate eventinformation which is a group of records including a task state afterchange and the time of the change, and wherein the processor isconfigured to: (A) acquire the event information from a computer thatexecutes the DBMS and stores the event information in the storageresource; and (B) draw a task object which is an object indicating atask based on the event information, and change a display mode of thetask object to a display mode corresponding to a task state of the taskobject.
 15. The analysis system according to claim 14, wherein the eventinformation includes information indicating a task which is executed togenerate each task and information indicating a generation order of oneor a plurality of tasks generated by execution of a certain task,wherein the task object is a node, and wherein, the processor isconfigured to draw, in (B), a graph in which an edge indicating ageneration relation and a generation order of respective tasks ispresent between nodes.
 16. The analysis system according to claim 14,wherein the processor is configured to, in (B): draw the task object indifferent modes depending on a task state; and display detailedinformation such as information on an object of a DB accessed by a taskdesignated by a user.
 17. The analysis system according to claim 14,wherein the processor is configured to change, in (B), a display mode ofthe task object with time according to a change in a task state when allor at least two partial records of the event information are referred ina time-series manner.
 18. The analysis system according to claim 14,wherein the processor can switch, in (B), between a display mode ofdisplaying all task objects and a display mode of displaying a portionof the task objects at an enlarged scale according to a userinstruction.
 19. The analysis system according to claim 14, wherein acomputer that executes the DBMS is configured to store data structuresummary information indicating the summary of a data structure of thedatabase, wherein a record of the event information includes an ID of anaccess destination page of a task corresponding to the record, andwherein the processor is configured to: (C) acquire the data structuresummary information from the computer and stores the data structuresummary information in the storage resource; and (D) draw a page objectwhich is an object indicating a page which is an area in which data isstored based on the data structure summary information, and changes adisplay mode of the page object to a display mode corresponding to astate of a task that accesses the page.
 20. The analysis systemaccording to claim 19, wherein the page object is a node, and whereinthe processor is configured to draw, in (D), for each data structure ofthe database, a graph in which an edge indicating a dependency betweenpages is present between nodes.
 21. The analysis system according toclaim 19, wherein the processor is configured to, in (D): draw the pageobject in different modes depending on a page access state; and displaydetailed information such as a logical and physical address of a pagethat is designated by a user.
 22. The analysis system according to claim19, wherein the processor is configured to change, in (D), a displaymode of the page object with time according to a change in a task statewhen all or at least two partial records of the event information arereferred in a time-series manner.
 23. The analysis system according toclaim 19, wherein the processor can switch, in (D), between a displaymode of displaying all page objects and a display mode of displaying aportion of the page objects at an enlarged scale according to a userinstruction.
 24. A computer system comprising: a computer beingconfigured to execute a database management system (DBMS) which isconfigured to dynamically generate tasks for executing operations whenprocessing a query to a database stored in a storage device having aplurality of storage media to execute the dynamically generated tasks inparallel; and an analysis system being configured to analyze behavior ofthe DBMS, wherein the analysis system includes a storage resource and aprocessor coupled to the storage resource, the storage resource beingconfigured to store thread number specifying information capable ofspecifying a largest number of threads for the query in the DBMS, firstprocessing number specifying information capable of specifying a firstnumber of I/O processing that an interface between the DBMS and thestorage device can execute in parallel, second processing numberspecifying information capable of specifying a second number of I/Oprocessing that can be executed in parallel in the storage medium of thestorage device, and third processing number specifying informationcapable of specifying a third number of I/O processing that each storagemedium can execute in parallel, and the processor being configured to:acquire a number of selected rows corresponding to a key value of anindex key for a query from the DBMS; calculate a model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism which is a degree of processingparallelism predicted based on a model of the processing correspondingto the query, based on the number of selected rows, the largest numberof threads specified by the thread number specifying information, thefirst number of I/O processing specified by the first processing numberspecifying information, the second number of I/O processing specified bythe second processing number specifying information, and the thirdnumber of I/O processing specified by the third processing numberspecifying information; acquire, from the storage device, eventinformation on an input-output event with respect to the storage mediumwhen the processing corresponding to the query is executed actually;calculate a measured degree of processing parallelism which is a degreeof processing parallelism when the processing corresponding to the queryis executed actually, based on the event information; and performcontrol of displaying information based on the model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism and the measured degree of processingparallelism.
 25. An analysis method for analyzing behavior of a databasemanagement system (DBMS) being configured to dynamically generate tasksfor executing operations when processing a query to a database stored ina storage device having a plurality of storage media to execute thedynamically generated tasks in parallel, the analysis method comprising:acquiring a number of selected rows corresponding to a key value of anindex key for a query from the DBMS; calculating a model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism which is a degree of processingparallelism predicted based on a model of the processing correspondingto the query, based on the number of selected rows, a largest number ofthreads specified by the thread number specifying information, a firstnumber of I/O processing that an interface between the DBMS and thestorage device can execute in parallel, a second number of I/Oprocessing that can be executed in parallel in the storage medium of thestorage device, and a third number of I/O processing that the storagemedium can execute in parallel, acquiring event information on aninput-output event with respect to the storage medium when theprocessing corresponding to the query is executed actually; calculatinga measured degree of processing parallelism which is a degree ofprocessing parallelism when the processing corresponding to the query isexecuted actually, based on the event information; and performingcontrol of displaying information based on the model-based predicteddegree of processing parallelism and the measured degree of processingparallelism.